Prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in healthcare and community settings in West Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a global health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. A review of 5,320 studies in West Africa found that gram-negative bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp., were the most frequently isolated species. The overall prevalence of MDR bacteria was 59%, with significant heterogeneity between studies. The prevalence was highest in urine and superficial skin samples, while lowest in nasopharyngeal samples. The study suggests the need for strengthened infection control measures, improved surveillance, and stricter antibiotic use policies.